DISABLED PERSONS IN DEVELOPMENT: ADDRESS DATA GAPS!
Erle Frayne D. Argonza
A movement to include the
disabled persons is now rolling across the globe. The goal is to include those
with disabilities in the development game. This is a most welcome development
for the disabled persons, which includes me as my eyes are now badly
near-sighted (w/ -700 diagnosis on each eye) complicated by blurred vision and
color blindness.
There is a problem though
in the gathering of data for the disabled, and also in the accessibility to
data. The problem has created a data gap that has served as quite a barrier to
effective policy-making and executory interventions for those with
disabilities.
In the Philippines,
there has been a rough estimation of the frequency of the disabled, with the
thumb rule fixed at 10% of the total population. Legislators, with the aid of
social research experts, better review the social policies that address the
Disabled Persons, as the total of disabled persons could be much higher.
The Philippine country
case validates the observation that there has been an underreporting of the
frequency of disabled persons. Which now implies that the legislation enabling
policy interventions for the disabled ones is largely a mish mash of
politicized guesswork.
Below is a discussion on
the subject culled from scidev.net.
[Manila, 20 June 2013]
Focus on Disability: Policymakers need accurate data
12 June 2013 | EN
Data gaps on disability need to be
filled if future development goals are to be robustly monitored, says Sue Coe.A UN panel's report last month on the post-2015 development agenda called for a 'data revolution' to monitor the impact of new global development goals and ensure the world's poorest people get the support they need. The report says that large data gaps and data inaccessibility lead to unreliable baseline data against which to judge progress.
The global disability movement will applaud this finding. Lack of investment in accurate data capture on disability has hindered the advancement of disability inclusion in development work for decades.
·
Data gaps
hinder the advancement of disability inclusion in development work
·
National
surveys often hugely under-report disability
·
New methods
could ensure data collection considers disability accessibility and inclusion
Robust
research has established that the true proportion of people with impairments in
developing countries is in the ten to 20 per cent range. Yet national census
data tend to report rates of one to three per cent. [1]
A key reason for statistical under-reporting on disability is that most surveys do not seek to capture information on impairments. Another widespread — but generally unacknowledged — issue is that people with disabilities are often not regarded as worthy of declaration for data inclusion. Disabled children in particular are sometimes regarded as almost 'subhuman'. Such stigma also leads families and communities to hide disabled children and adults when data surveyors visit homes to ask questions on the household and the community.
Future data collection on disability must be based on the human-rights principles of the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD). Since its advent in 2008, 131 countries have ratified the convention. Article 31 obliges these states to collect disaggregated data to inform policies, while still ensuring confidentiality and respect for the privacy of disabled people. [2]
A relatively new approach to data collection on disability is emerging from the UN-convened Washington Group on Disability Statistics. It provides highly practical approaches to statistical data collection based on a short set of simple questions on functionality, rather than interviewees self-declaring whether or not they have a "disability". Examples include "Do you have difficulty seeing, even if wearing glasses" and "Do you have difficulty walking or climbing steps".
And 2013 is yielding new, exciting developments in data-collection approaches, building upon the Washington Group questions. The Model Disability Survey, sponsored by the World Health Organization and the World Bank, is seeking to develop standardised questions to monitor the CRPD's implementation. [3]
Approaches such as these could help ensure that the collection of up-to-date development data to monitor the post-2015 Sustainable Development Goals fully takes disability accessibility and inclusion into account.
Sue Coe has worked in international
development for 25 years across Africa, Asia, Europe and the Middle
East. Now a development and disability inclusion consultant, she
previously worked for World Vision, Practical Action (formerly ITDG), VSO and
Action on Hearing Loss (formerly RNID). Coe can be contacted at suecoe2603@gmail.com.A key reason for statistical under-reporting on disability is that most surveys do not seek to capture information on impairments. Another widespread — but generally unacknowledged — issue is that people with disabilities are often not regarded as worthy of declaration for data inclusion. Disabled children in particular are sometimes regarded as almost 'subhuman'. Such stigma also leads families and communities to hide disabled children and adults when data surveyors visit homes to ask questions on the household and the community.
Future data collection on disability must be based on the human-rights principles of the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD). Since its advent in 2008, 131 countries have ratified the convention. Article 31 obliges these states to collect disaggregated data to inform policies, while still ensuring confidentiality and respect for the privacy of disabled people. [2]
A relatively new approach to data collection on disability is emerging from the UN-convened Washington Group on Disability Statistics. It provides highly practical approaches to statistical data collection based on a short set of simple questions on functionality, rather than interviewees self-declaring whether or not they have a "disability". Examples include "Do you have difficulty seeing, even if wearing glasses" and "Do you have difficulty walking or climbing steps".
And 2013 is yielding new, exciting developments in data-collection approaches, building upon the Washington Group questions. The Model Disability Survey, sponsored by the World Health Organization and the World Bank, is seeking to develop standardised questions to monitor the CRPD's implementation. [3]
Approaches such as these could help ensure that the collection of up-to-date development data to monitor the post-2015 Sustainable Development Goals fully takes disability accessibility and inclusion into account.
References
[1] Samman, E. and Rodriguez-Takeuchi, L.K. Old age, disability and mental health: data issues for a post-2015 framework (Overseas Development Institute, May 2013)[2] UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UN, 2006)
[3] Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München ModelDisabilitySurvey (Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, retrieved 11 June 2013)
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